Clade | |
Subclade |
Taxon | |
Taxon |
Avialae
|
Nominal Author | Gauthier 1986 |
2nd Nominal Author | |
Taxon Status | INACTIVE |
Comments | |
Potential Synonomy | Aves |
Active Phylogenetic Definition | |
Active Definition | |
Shorthand | |
Definitional Author | |
Definition Status | Unknown |
Definition Type | Unknown |
Node-Stem Triplet | Unknown |
Other Triplet Taxa | |
Specifiers | |
Specifier(s) A | |
Specifier(s) B | |
Specifier(s) C | |
Qualifiers | |
+Taxon | |
-Taxon | |
Datum | |
Taxonomic Content | |
Publication Year |
Unknown Unknown Unknown |
Inactive Taxon Status | |
Rejection Criteria |
other |
Critique | Gauthier (1986) was first to propose a crown clade definition, later revised by Gauthier and de Queiroz (2001). In a particular sense (due to initial ignorance of any fossil record), they argued that this is the older tradition. Gauthier (1986) used Avialae to replace traditional Aves, although their phylogenetic definitions differ—one stem-based and the other node-based—so they are not synonyms. Gauthier (1986:36) explicitly defined Avialae as a stem-based taxon including all taxa closer to birds than to Deinonychosauria. Subsequently, Gauthier and de Queiroz (2001:25-26) claimed that Gauthier (1986) really did not define Avialae. They proposed a form-qualified (“apomorphy-based”) definition based on the presence of “feathered wings . . . used for powered flight,” a definition that ranks among the most ambiguous. Gauthier (1986:36), nevertheless, was very explicit in formulating a stem-based definition for this taxon. More recently, Clarke (2004) unwittingly proposed a new node-based definition for Avialae, attributing it in error to Gauthier (1986). Ironically, Clarke’s new definition now identifies the same node-based clade that many of us would like to continue to reserve for Aves. If Aves is based on Archaeopteryx lithographica as the key internal specifier (as in this compilation), there is little sense to maintain another very similar taxon, Avialae, that currently, and in the forseeable future, has the same taxonomic content. Avialae is here regarded as inactive for this reason. |
Definitional History #1 | |
Earliest Record | Ornithurae plus all extict maniraptorans that are closer to Ornithurae than they are to Deinonychosauria. |
Latest Record | Gauthier 1986:36 |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Ornithurae, Deinonychosauria |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #2 | |
Earliest Record | The clade stemming from the first panavian with feathered wings homologous with those of Aves (Vultur gryphus) and used for powered flight. |
Latest Record | Gautheir and de Queiroz 2001:25 |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Passer domesticus, Dromaeosaurus albertensis, Troodon formosus |
Range (My) | feathered wings homologous with those of Aves (Vultur gryphus) and used for powered flight |
Definitional History #3 | |
Earliest Record | The most-inclusive clade containing Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) but not Dromaeosaurus albertensis Matthew and Brown, 1922 or Troodon formosus Leidy, 1956. |
Latest Record | Maryanska et al. 2002:102 |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Passer domesticus, Dromaeosaurus albertensis, Troodon formosus |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #4 | |
Earliest Record | The most recent common ancestor of Archaeopteryx + Aves and all of its descendants. |
Latest Record | Clarke 2004:18 |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Archaeopteryx, Aves |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #5 | |
Earliest Record | Living birds and all maniraptorans closer to them than to Deinonychus, a dromaeosaurid. |
Latest Record | Padian 2004:210 |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
living birds, Deinonychus |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #6 | |
Earliest Record | |
Latest Record | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #7 | |
Earliest Record | |
Latest Record | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #8 | |
Earliest Record | |
Latest Record | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #9 | |
Earliest Record | |
Latest Record | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #10 | |
Earliest Record | |
Latest Record | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |