Clade | |
Subclade |
Taxon | |
Taxon |
Tetanurae
|
Nominal Author | Gauthier 1986 |
2nd Nominal Author | |
Taxon Status | ACTIVE |
Comments | Gauthier coined and defined Tetnaurae as a stem-based taxon to include all theropods closer to birds than to Ceratosauria, a clade that has since been separated into two clades (Coelophysoidea, Ceratosauria sensu stricto; Wilson et al. 2003). Novas (1992) acknowledged Gauthier’s definition but then, without explanation, redefined Tetanurae as a node-based group for a less inclusive clade. Holtz (1994) and Hutchinson and Padian (1997) used Gauthier’s definition, and Sereno listed Tetanurae as a stem-based taxon, consistent with Gauthier (1986). Sereno (1998) and Padian et al. (1999) altered “birds” to Neornithes (crown-group birds). Sereno (1998:64) accidentally used an ingroup genus, Torvosaurus, as an external specifier (which clearly contradicted the position of Tetanurae on an associated cladogram), wheras Padian et al. (1999) used Ceratosaurus. Wilson et al. (2003) clarified Sereno’s error, replacing Torvosaurus with Ceratosaurus nasicornis. Although Ceratosaurus is not nested within Ceratosauria, it is the eponymous taxon and it was thought best not to introduce yet another specifier or alternative taxon, a consideration discussed by Wilson et al. (2003). The active definiton is a first-order revision of that in Wilson et al. (2003) that replaces Neornithes with Passer domesticus and adds one additional, nested species, Carnotaurus sastrei, to ensure the stability of the taxonomic content of Tetanurae. |
Potential Synonomy | Dinoaves, Tenarurae (Chure and McIntosh, misspelling) |
Active Phylogenetic Definition | |
Active Definition |
The most inclusive clade containing Passer domesticus (Linnaeus 1758) but not Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh 1884, Carnotaurus sastrei Bonaparte 1985.
|
Shorthand |
> Passer domesticus but not Ceratosaurus nasicornis, Carnotaurus sastrei. |
Definitional Author |
Sereno 2005 |
Definition Status | checked |
Definition Type | STEM |
Node-Stem Triplet | NO |
Other Triplet Taxa | |
Specifiers | |
Specifier(s) A |
Passer domesticus |
Specifier(s) B | |
Specifier(s) C |
Ceratosaurus nasicornis, Carnotaurus sastrei
|
Qualifiers | |
+Taxon | |
-Taxon | |
Datum | |
Taxonomic Content | |
Publication Year |
Unknown Unknown Unknown 1986 |
Inactive Taxon Status | |
Rejection Criteria | |
Critique | |
Definitional History #1 | |
Earliest Record | Birds and all other theropods closer to birds than they are to Ceratosauria. |
Latest Record | Gauthier 1986:23 |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
birds, Ceratosauria |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #2 | |
Earliest Record | The group which includes the common ancestor of Aves, Allosaurus and all its descendants [in Spanish]. |
Latest Record | Novas 1992:144 |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Aves, Allosaurus |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #3 | |
Earliest Record | All neotheropods closer to Neornithes than to Torvosaurus. |
Latest Record | Sereno 1998:64 |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Neornithes, Torvosaurus |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #4 | |
Earliest Record | All neotheropod more closely related to Neornithes than to Ceratosaurus. |
Latest Record | Padian et al. 1999:72 |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Neornithes, Ceratosaurus |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #5 | |
Earliest Record | The most inclusive clade including Neornithes but not Ceratosaurus nasicornis. |
Latest Record | Wilson et al. 2003:30 |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Neornithes, Ceratosaurus nasicornis |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #6 | |
Earliest Record | Passer domesticus (the extant European sparrow) and all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with P. domesticus than with Ceratosaurus nasicornis. |
Latest Record | Holtz et al. 2004:78-79 |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Passer domesticus, Ceratosaurus nasicornis |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #7 | |
Earliest Record | |
Latest Record | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #8 | |
Earliest Record | |
Latest Record | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #9 | |
Earliest Record | |
Latest Record | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |
Definitional History #10 | |
Earliest Record | |
Latest Record | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) | |
Range (My) |